Material requirements for a thin film high-Tc integrated electronic circuits technology are formulated. On this base, discussed are obstacles and recent progress in substrates, films and superconductor/insulator multilayers, patterning, crossovers, contacts, passive and active elements, and finally, the circuit integration.
electronic devices and circuits by jb gupta pdf download
Neurotechnologiesfor therapies based on electrical modulationhave, however, important challenges that still need to be addressed.Constraints in terms of size, power signature, signal transduction,and computational capabilities are currently limiting the progressin implantable medical devices. For example, the cost, risk (e.g.,infection), and idiosyncrasy of surgeries solely for battery replacementcannot be underestimated. Development of novel devices should takeinto account that neurons and conventional electronics do not usethe same electrical signals to encode information, and could takeadvantage of event-based operation modes to reduce energy consumption.Furthermore, any effective stimulation device requires adaptive computationcapabilities to cope with the dynamic nature of neuronal activity.A device that is unable to dynamically respond to changes in neuronalactivity patterns, falls short in its therapeutic potential and effectiveness.2 2ff7e9595c
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